Key Facts

• After a positive pregnancy test, contact your healthcare provider to schedule an appointment for confirmation and prenatal care.
• Start taking prenatal vitamins with at least 400 mcg of folate immediately to support fetal development.
• Be aware of early pregnancy symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and mood swings, and consult your doctor if severe symptoms occur.

Realising that you are pregnant can be a very exciting, eagerly anticipated event – or it may come as a surprise. This is why your obstetrics or obstetrician gynaecologist (OB-GYN) or fertility expert may ask how you feel when you inform them that your pregnancy test result is positive.

Even if your goal was to conceive, you could have a lot of mixed feelings, as a positive pregnancy test means you will be undergoing significant life changes. But other than pregnancy-related emotions, you will likely be wondering, “What do I do now?”. This article aims to answer some of the most common and pressing questions regarding early pregnancy and outline the steps you can take after getting a positive test result if the pregnancy is desired. But before we dive in, some important information you should know includes:

• During the early days of pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels increase by about 50% every 48 hours . At-home tests primarily focus on checking hCG levels in your urine.
• The chances of getting false negative pregnancy results will be rare when you follow the test instructions outlined in the pregnancy test kit.
• You may call your healthcare provider once you get a positive result after taking the pregnancy test. The doctor will likely schedule an appointment via ultrasound and other vital screenings and tests by the 8th week to confirm the pregnancy and its condition.
• If you have not already started taking prenatal vitamins with about 400 micrograms of folate ( folic acid or methyl folate), you will be expected to begin taking them immediately.

Now that you understand some key takeaways, let’s dive into the details.

Interpreting hCG Levels and Their Significance

In early pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the developing placenta soon after implantation. Detectable in both blood and urine, hCG signals the onset of pregnancy and provides information about its progression. During the first weeks, hCG levels are expected to double every 48 hours—a pattern recognised by healthcare professionals, including guidelines from the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG).

A consistent doubling of hCG generally indicates a healthy pregnancy. Deviations from this rate can signal potential issues. For instance, a slower rise in hCG levels may suggest complications such as an ectopic pregnancy or an early miscarriage, while a markedly accelerated increase might also require further clinical assessment. Serial monitoring of hCG gives your obstetrician data to evaluate the embryo’s health and development.

For more information on hCG trends and their clinical implications, visit our article on low hCG levels in pregnancy . You may also find our pregnancy test instructions helpful for accurately tracking these hormone changes at home. To explore early pregnancy markers and their impact on your care, check out our resource on early pregnancy .

Common Early Pregnancy Symptoms

Managing Morning Sickness

Morning sickness, marked by nausea and occasional vomiting, affects many in early pregnancy due to rising hormone levels. Relieve discomfort and enhance your well-being with these evidence-based strategies:

• Eat Small, Frequent Meals:
  Eat several small, easily digestible meals daily to stabilise blood sugar and lessen nausea. Opt for bland, low-fat foods like crackers, toast, or plain rice.
• Avoid Strong Odours and Triggers:
  Avoid potent-smelling foods, perfumes, and other triggers that worsen nausea. Use proper ventilation and choose milder flavours to manage symptoms.
• Use Natural Remedies:
  Clinical studies, including a Cochrane review, confirm ginger as a safe and effective way to ease nausea. Try ginger tea, candies, or fresh ginger in meals, and consult your healthcare provider for the appropriate amount.
• Take Vitamin B6:
  Research and guidelines from top obstetric organisations indicate that vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) can reduce nausea in early pregnancy. Follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare professional before supplementing.
• Stay Hydrated:
  Sip water or electrolyte-rich fluids throughout the day to prevent dehydration, which can worsen nausea. Small, regular amounts are easier to tolerate during morning sickness.

Implement these evidence-based tips, endorsed by Australian healthcare experts, to ease morning sickness and comfortably navigate early pregnancy. Always consult your local healthcare provider to ensure these strategies suit your individual health needs.

Fatigue

One of the most prevalent symptoms is fatigue. This is often due to the increased levels of progesterone, which can make you feel more tired than usual. As your body adjusts to the new demands of pregnancy, you may find yourself needing more rest and sleep.

Breast Tenderness

Breast tenderness is another common symptom. Hormonal changes, particularly the rise in estrogen and progesterone, can cause your breasts to feel swollen, sore, or sensitive. This tenderness can start as early as a few weeks after conception and may continue throughout the first trimester.

Mood Changes

Mood swings are frequent experiences for many women in early pregnancy. Hormonal fluctuations can affect one’s emotional state, leading to feelings of irritability, anxiety, or sudden bursts of emotion. It’s important to communicate openly with one’s partner, family, and friends about how one is feeling.

Other Physical Symptoms

• Bloating and Cramping : Mild cramping and bloating are common as the embryo implants into the uterus. These symptoms can be similar to those experienced during menstruation.
• Frequent Urination As the uterus expands, it can put pressure on the bladder, leading to more frequent trips to the bathroom.
• Food Aversions or Cravings : Some women develop strong aversions to certain foods or smells, while others experience intense cravings for specific foods.
• Headaches Hormonal changes can cause headaches, although they are usually mild.
• Dizziness and Lightheadedness : Increased blood volume and changes in blood pressure can cause lightheadedness.

Emotional and Psychological Symptoms

• Anxiety and Stress The news of a pregnancy can bring about feelings of anxiety or stress, especially if the pregnancy is unexpected.
• Excitement and Joy : Many women, on the other hand, feel a deep sense of excitement and joy upon learning they are pregnant.

Understanding these symptoms can help you better prepare for the physical and emotional changes that come with early pregnancy. If you are experiencing any severe or concerning symptoms, it is always best to consult with your healthcare provider for guidance and support.

How Soon Can You Do a Home Pregnancy Test?

Pregnancy tests usually come with different guidelines (depending on the brand), and it’s crucial to follow the instructions religiously to get the most accurate readings. Many people find it difficult to follow instructions, which can lead to false readings.

Although most pregnancy test kits can detect conception after a missed period, some tests are designed to detect the pregnancy as early as six days before the expected period date. However, pregnancy tests are most accurate beginning from the day of the missed period.

Optimal Time for Testing

For optimal accuracy, it is recommended to take the pregnancy test using the first morning urine. Here’s why:

• Concentrated hCG Levels : After a night of sleep, the hCG levels in your urine are more concentrated, making the test more sensitive and accurate.
• Reduced False Negatives Using first morning urine minimises the chance of false negatives due to diluted urine, which can occur if you drink a lot of fluids during the day.
• Best Practice : Consider testing approximately two weeks after you ovulate, which you can determine using an ovulation test.

By following these guidelines and using the first morning urine, you can increase the reliability of your pregnancy test results.

Managing Emotional Reactions After a Positive Pregnancy Test

Receiving a positive pregnancy test can be a life-altering moment, often accompanied by a mix of emotions. Whether the pregnancy was planned or unexpected, it is crucial to acknowledge and manage these feelings to ensure a healthy and positive start to this new chapter.

Understanding Your Emotions

It is normal to feel a range of emotions, from excitement and joy to anxiety, fear, or even sadness. These feelings can be intensified if the pregnancy was unexpected or if there are concerns about the future. Recognising that these emotions are valid and temporary can be the first step in managing them.

Coping Strategies

Here are some practical strategies to help you cope with the emotional impact of a positive pregnancy test:

Seek Support

• Talk to your partner, family, or close friends about your feelings. Sharing your emotions with loved ones can provide comfort and help you feel less isolated.
• Consider joining a pregnancy support group, either online or in-person, to connect with others who are experiencing similar experiences.

Professional Help

• If your emotions feel overwhelming or if you are struggling to cope, do not hesitate to seek help from a mental health professional. They can provide guidance and support tailored to your needs.

Self-Care

• Engage in activities that bring you comfort and relaxation, such as reading, taking a warm bath, or practicing yoga or meditation.
• Ensure you get enough rest and maintain a healthy diet to support both your physical and mental well-being.

Educate Yourself

• Learning more about pregnancy and what to expect can help alleviate some of the anxiety and uncertainty. Reliable resources such as healthcare providers, pregnancy books, and trusted online sources can be invaluable.

Allow Yourself to Feel

• It’s important to permit yourself to feel whatever emotions arise. Acknowledge them, and remember that it’s okay not to have all the answers right away.

Available Support Resources

There are several resources available to support you during this time:

Healthcare Provider

• Your healthcare provider is not only a source of medical information but also a support system. They can address any concerns you have and provide emotional support.

Hotlines and Helplines

• Many organisations offer hotlines and helplines for pregnant individuals. These services can provide immediate support and connect you with local resources.

Online Communities

• Online forums and social media groups dedicated to pregnancy can offer a sense of community and connection with others who are experiencing similar emotions and challenges.

Local Support Groups

• Local support groups, often organised by hospitals or community centers, can provide a safe space to discuss your feelings and experiences with others in person.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

Mild discomforts are common in early pregnancy, but certain symptoms require immediate medical attention, especially in Australia where timely care is crucial. For example, lower abdominal or pelvic pain rated 8 or above on a 10-point scale lasting over two hours warrants urgent evaluation. Similarly, vaginal bleeding heavier than normal spotting—such as soaking through a sanitary pad within 30 minutes repeatedly—should prompt swift medical advice.

Other warning signs include:

• Repeated dizziness or fainting that doesn’t improve after resting
• Sudden persistent vision changes like blurred or double vision
• Rapid swelling—especially in the face, hands, or eyes—along with discomfort

How Do You Confirm a Positive Pregnancy Test Result?

Types of Pregnancy Tests and Their Accuracy

When confirming a pregnancy, understanding the different types of pregnancy tests and their accuracy rates can be invaluable. Here’s a detailed look at the various types of tests available:

Urine Pregnancy Tests

Urine pregnancy tests are the most common and convenient method for detecting pregnancy. These tests measure the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the urine.

• Accuracy : Urine tests are generally accurate if used correctly. They can detect hCG levels as low as 10-25 mIU/mL, with most tests claiming an accuracy rate of 97-99% when used after a missed period.
• Timing The best time to take a urine test is in the morning when hCG levels are typically highest. Early detection tests can sometimes detect pregnancy as early as six days before the expected period, but accuracy improves significantly after a missed period.
• False Results : False negatives can occur if the test is taken too early or with diluted urine. Although they’re rare, they can happen due to certain medical conditions or fertility treatments that involve hCG injections.

Blood Pregnancy Tests

Blood pregnancy tests, also known as beta hCG tests, measure the exact levels of hCG in the blood.

• Accuracy : Blood tests are more sensitive than urine tests and can detect pregnancy earlier, often as early as 6-8 days after ovulation. They are highly accurate, with a detection rate close to 100% when hCG levels are above the threshold.
• Timing : These tests are usually performed in a healthcare setting and can confirm pregnancy before a missed period.
• Purpose Blood tests are often used to confirm pregnancy in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) or when there is a need for precise hCG level measurement.

Digital Pregnancy Tests

Digital pregnancy tests combine the convenience of urine tests with the added feature of displaying the words “pregnant” or “not pregnant” instead of lines.

• Accuracy : Digital tests have a similar accuracy rate to traditional urine tests, typically around 97-99% when used after a missed period.
• Ease of Use: These tests are user-friendly and eliminate the need to interpret lines, making them a popular choice for those who prefer a clear and direct result.

Midstream vs. Strip Tests

• Midstream Tests : These are the most common type of urine tests. They are designed to be dipped into a urine stream or used with a urine sample in a cup.
  • Accuracy : Midstream tests are generally accurate and easy to use.
• Strip Tests These are simpler and less expensive but require dipping the test strip into a urine sample.
  • Accuracy : Strip tests are also accurate but may require more careful handling to avoid errors.

Home vs. Clinical Tests

• Home Test : Most pregnancy tests are convenient and widely available. They offer privacy and immediate results.
  • Accuracy : As mentioned, home tests are highly accurate when used correctly.
• Clinical Tests : Clinical tests, including blood tests, are performed in a healthcare setting and offer more precise measurements.
  • Accuracy : Clinical tests are highly accurate and are often used to confirm pregnancy and monitor hCG levels.

Understanding the types of pregnancy tests and their accuracy rates can help individuals make informed decisions and reduce anxiety related to false results. Always follow the test instructions carefully to ensure the most accurate outcome.

Reaching out to a healthcare provider is crucial once you get a positive pregnancy test result. The healthcare provider will confirm the pregnancy at the first appointment, which often occurs around the eighth week after the last menstrual period. Once they verify that you are expectant, they’ll get your prenatal care scheduled and recommend that you start taking pregnancy supplements.

If you use the pregnancy test as instructed, the chances of getting an inaccurate result will be rare. That said, there are some cases in which a false positive result may occur when the hCG levels are elevated, such as:

• Specific fertility treatments entail hCG hormone injections, but the excess hormones are cleared some weeks later.
• Some tumours can produce elevated hCG.
• After a miscarriage or chemical pregnancy .

False Negatives

What about false negatives? You will get these results when hCG levels aren’t detected, regardless of the current pregnancy. This may be a result of the following:

• Taking the test too early, before the hCG levels were high enough for the test to detect pregnancy.
• Testing with diluted urine.

When you receive a negative result but think you might be pregnant, take another test a few days later.

When is the Best Time to Schedule an Appointment With a Healthcare Provider After Realising You’re Pregnant?

It’s essential to contact your healthcare provider when you get a positive test result. Experts recommend scheduling the first prenatal appointment eight weeks after the last menstrual period so you can discuss important details about the pregnancy and essential things you should know. Remember that this initial visit may take longer because your OB-GYN will need to collect and review a lot of information.

The first appointment with the healthcare provider is when the pregnancy and location are confirmed via ultrasound. Sometimes, the doctor may do a blood test to confirm the pregnancy. So why is the pregnancy location vital?

Events like ectopic pregnancy , whereby the egg gets fertilised outside of the uterus, can cause serious complications. Knowing the location will help the healthcare provider recommend the best solution for an ectopic pregnancy. Scheduling an in-person appointment before the eighth week of pregnancy isn’t usually recommended unless you have severe cramping, bleeding, or sudden abdominal pain.

Monitoring Protocols and Timelines in Assisted Reproductive Technology

For those using assisted reproductive technology (ART), monitoring starts earlier and is more detailed than in natural conception. Instead of confirming a pregnancy after a missed period, ART pregnancies are tracked from the embryo transfer date, requiring adjusted timelines and specific protocols.

After embryo transfer, fertility clinics schedule earlier and more frequent check-ups. Blood tests to measure human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels are usually done 7–10 days post-transfer. These tests confirm implantation and check if hCG levels are rising as expected, indicating a healthy pregnancy.

Transvaginal ultrasounds are typically arranged around 4 to 5 weeks after the transfer. Early imaging lets clinicians verify the embryo’s placement, detect a heartbeat, and rule out complications like ectopic pregnancies. Depending on initial results, additional ultrasounds may be scheduled more frequently during the first trimester to closely monitor embryonic growth and development.

Gestational dating in ART is based on the embryo transfer date instead of the last menstrual period, making the timeline different from natural conception. This can lead to slightly different early ultrasound findings compared to standard dating methods. Fertility specialists in Australia follow strict, evidence-based guidelines, supported by research in journals like Human Reproduction , to promptly address any deviations.

Lifestyle Adjustments for a Healthy Pregnancy

Nutrition and Diet

Maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet is crucial during early pregnancy to support both maternal and fetal health. Here are some key nutritional tips:

• Folate and Essential Vitamins : Ensure your prenatal vitamins contain at least 400 mcg of folate. Additionally, include foods rich in folate, such as leafy greens, beans, and fortified cereals, in your diet.
• Protein and Iron Increase your intake of protein-rich foods like lean meats, fish, eggs, and legumes. Iron-rich foods such as red meat, spinach, and fortified cereals are also essential.
• Calcium and Dairy : Consume calcium-rich foods like dairy products, fortified plant-based milk, and leafy greens to support bone health during pregnancy. Adequate calcium is vital for fetal skeletal development and maintaining maternal bone strength. Pair these foods with vitamin D to enhance absorption. For more nutritional guidance, check out our prenatal vitamins and supplements .
• Healthy Fats Include sources of healthy fats such as avocados, nuts, and olive oil in your meals.
• Hydration : Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated.
• Avoid Certain Foods: Avoid undercooked or raw meat, fish, and eggs, as well as unpasteurised dairy products and foods that may contain listeria.

Essential Nutrients for Early Foetal Development

A balanced diet benefits you and your foetus. Alongside your prenatal vitamins, include these key nutrients to support early development:

• Iron
  This mineral moves oxygen to your cells and developing baby. Aim for about 27 mg daily by eating lean red meat, poultry, spinach, legumes, or fortified cereals. Combining these with vitamin C–rich fruits can improve absorption.
• Calcium
  Vitamin D is needed for building strong bones and teeth. The target is roughly 1000 mg each day. Dairy products, fortified plant milks, leafy greens, and almonds are excellent sources.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids
  These fats support brain and eye development. Choose low-mercury options such as salmon or sardines, or add walnuts, chia seeds, or ground flaxseeds if you prefer plant-based sources.
• Vitamin D
  This vitamin helps your body absorb calcium and keeps bones healthy. Oily fish, egg yolks, and fortified alternatives contribute to your intake, while safe sun exposure can boost natural production. A daily amount of about 600 IU is typically recommended, but check with your healthcare provider for advice tailored to you.

Include these foods in your meals to help maintain your health and support the growth of your baby.

Safe Exercises During Pregnancy

Exercising during pregnancy has many benefits, including better circulation, lower risk of gestational diabetes, and improved overall well-being. Adjust your exercise routine each trimester to support your changing body safely and effectively.

First Trimester
In the first trimester, fatigue and hormonal changes are common. Focus on gentle, low-impact activities to build a strong foundation without overexertion:

- Walking, gentle swimming, and low-intensity prenatal yoga enhance flexibility and reduce stress. - Perform pelvic floor exercises like Kegels to strengthen your core for later stages. - Keep workouts moderate and consult your healthcare provider before starting any new routine.

Second Trimester
In the second trimester, energy levels usually stabilize, and your body adapts to your growing baby, allowing for a gradual increase in exercise intensity:

- Try moderate activities such as brisk walking, stationary cycling, or modified Pilates to improve cardiovascular health and maintain muscle tone. - Light strength training with gentle weights can enhance posture and overall fitness as your body changes. - Balance exercises become more important as your centre of gravity shifts; focus on movements that improve stability and core strength.

Third Trimester
In the final trimester, aim to maintain mobility, reduce discomfort, and prepare your body for labour while avoiding strain:

- Continue low-impact activities like water aerobics, gentle stretching, and relaxed walking to ease joint stress. - Focus on exercises that improve balance and flexibility, adjusting yoga poses and stretching to your comfort level. - Modify workout intensity as needed and include regular rest periods to stay active without overexertion.

Following the Australian Pregnancy Guidelines, aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week for overall maternal health. Always consult your healthcare provider before changing your routine to ensure the activities suit your specific needs.

For more information on adapting lifestyle changes during pregnancy, visit our guide on Lifestyle Adjustments for a Healthy Pregnancy . Additional tips on supporting maternal health are available in our Prenatal Vitamins section.

• Pelvic Floor Exercise Engage in pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises) to strengthen your pelvic muscles, which can help during pregnancy and postpartum.

Sleep Hygiene

Good quality sleep during pregnancy is vital for your well-being and your baby’s growth. Simple adjustments to your sleep routine, such as adopting recommended sleeping positions, can greatly improve your rest.

• Create a consistent bedtime routine: Signal your body it’s time to relax. Try calming activities like reading or gentle stretching.
• Make your bedroom cool, dark, and quiet: Use a supportive mattress and comfortable pillows to improve sleep quality.
• Sleep on your left side: Boost blood flow to the uterus and fetus, relieve liver pressure, and ease back discomfort. Use a pregnancy pillow or extra cushions for support (see Australian Pregnancy Care Guidelines ).
• Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and screens at least an hour before bed.
• Take short daytime naps: If needed, but keep them brief to avoid disrupting nighttime sleep.

For more tips on restful sleep during pregnancy, check out our guides on managing pregnancy symptoms and prenatal care essentials .

Stress Management

Managing stress is crucial for a healthy pregnancy. Here are some strategies:

• Mindfulness and Meditation : Practice mindfulness techniques, meditation, or deep breathing exercises to reduce stress.
• Physical Activity : Regular physical activity can help reduce stress and improve mood.
• Social Support Connect with family, friends, or support groups to share your feelings and receive emotional support.
• Professional Help : If stress becomes overwhelming, do not hesitate to seek help from a mental health professional.

By incorporating these lifestyle adjustments into your daily routine, you can better support your health and the health of your fetus during early pregnancy. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any significant changes to your diet, exercise routine, or other lifestyle habits.

Common Screening and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy

When you receive a positive pregnancy test result, one of the next steps involves a series of prenatal screenings and diagnostic tests. Understanding these tests can help demystify the process, reduce anxiety, and prepare you for informed discussions with your healthcare provider.

Ultrasounds

Purpose

Ultrasounds are used to confirm the pregnancy, determine the estimated gestational age, and check the fetus’s development. They can also identify the number of fetuses and determine the fetal heart rate.

What to Expect

• Dating Ultrasound : Typically performed between 7-10 weeks to confirm the due date and ensure the pregnancy is developing normally.
• Anatomy Ultrasound Conducted between 18-22 weeks to screen for any anatomical abnormalities in the fetus.
• Growth Ultrasound : Performed later in the pregnancy to monitor the growth and position of the fetus.

Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)

Purpose

NIPT is a blood test that screens for chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Trisomy 13, and Trisomy 18. It also checks the baby’s sex.

What to Expect

• Blood Draw A sample of your blood is taken, usually after 10 weeks of pregnancy.
• Results : The test analyses the DNA present in your blood to detect any abnormalities. Results are typically available within 1-2 weeks.

Maternal Serum Analytes (Quad Screen)

Purpose

This test measures the levels of four substances in your blood: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estriol, and inhibin A. It screens for chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects.

What to Expect

• Blood Draw : The test is usually performed between 15 and 0 weeks of pregnancy.
• Results : The levels of the substances are compared to average values to determine if there is an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities or neural tube defects.

Nuchal Translucency Ultrasound

Purpose

This ultrasound measures the thickness of the nuchal fold, a fluid-filled space at the back of the fetus’s neck. It is used to assess the risk of Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.

What to Expect

• Timing : Typically performed between 11-14 weeks of pregnancy.
• Procedure The ultrasound technician will measure the nuchal fold thickness.

Genetic Diagnostic Tests

Purpose

These tests diagnose genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities. They are usually recommended if screening tests indicate a higher risk.

What to Expect

• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) : A placenta sample is taken, usually between 10-1 and weeks. This test can diagnose chromosomal and genetic disorders.
• Amniocentesis : A sample of the amniotic fluid is taken, usually between 15 and 20 weeks. This test can diagnose chromosomal and genetic disorders, as well as neural tube defects.

Glucose Challenge Test

Purpose

This test screens for gestational diabetes by measuring how your body processes glucose.

What to Expect

• Timing : Typically performed between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.
• Procedure: You will be given a sugary drink, and your blood sugar levels will be checked after one hour. If the results are high, a follow-up test may be required.

Group B Strep Swab

Purpose

This test checks for the presence of Group B streptococcus bacteria in the vagina and rectum.

What to Expect

• Timing : Usually performed between 35-37 weeks of pregnancy.
• Procedure A swab is taken from the vagina and rectum to check for the bacteria.

Understanding these tests and their implications can help you feel more prepared and informed as you navigate your prenatal care. Always discuss any concerns or questions you have with your healthcare provider to ensure you have a clear understanding of each test and its significance.

Essential Early Pregnancy Steps

Once you receive a positive pregnancy test, start your prenatal journey with a clear plan. Confirm your pregnancy with a trusted healthcare provider and schedule your first prenatal appointment to create a care plan that supports both you and your baby’s health.

A concise approach to early pregnancy includes:

• Confirm your pregnancy and book an early appointment for thorough care.
• Begin taking prenatal vitamins daily, providing at least 400 mcg of folate and essential nutrients.
• Maintain a balanced lifestyle with a healthy diet, adequate hydration, and enough rest.
• Watch for concerning symptoms, like severe pain or unusual bleeding, and contact your healthcare provider immediately if they occur.

Following these steps ensures proactive care aligned with evidence-based guidelines. For more information and products, visit our Pregnancy Test Kits , browse our Best Prenatal Vitamins , or Contact Us for personalised advice.

Early, consistent prenatal care improves outcomes for you and your baby (Australian Government Department of Health, 2022; Cleveland Clinic, 2023).

How Do Healthcare Providers Calculate the Due Date?

The due date provided by the healthcare provider is a mere calculation of when you will be 40 weeks pregnant. But it’s important to remember that a full term is 37 to 40 weeks, so a due date is an estimation.

In most cases, providers date the pregnancy at the first prenatal appointment based on the first day of the last period. Why is this so? Not everyone knows the exact date they ovulated, so using the previous period gives a more definite date for the count. The most precise method is a last-month period (LMP) consistent with the first-trimester ultrasound.

When is the Most Appropriate Time to Tell People You Are Pregnant?

Deciding when to tell your family and friends about the pregnancy is an emotional and personal decision. Since the probability of pregnancy loss reduces considerably after the first trimester, it’s better to wait until the second trimester to share the news. Nonetheless, there is no wrong or right time to inform people that you are pregnant, so follow your instincts.

What Should You Expect From Prenatal Appointments Throughout the Pregnancy?

As the fetus develops, your visits with your healthcare provider will change in frequency and focus. Here is an overview of things you should expect at your appointments during pregnancy:

First Trimester

Although the expected appointments during the first three months of the pregnancy vary depending on the clinic, provider, and geographic location, there are typically two at this stage of pregnancy. At these appointments, you will undergo several screenings and tests, such as:

• Ultrasounds to confirm the pregnancy, the estimated gestational age, and check to ensure the uterus is developing/how many fetuses there are, and determine the fetal heart rate.
• Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Genetic screening tests such as maternal serum analytes or non-invasive prenatal testing.
• Blood work to determine your blood type, test for sexually transmitted infections, check for vaccine antibodies and measure hbA1C to check diabetes risk factors.
• Carrier screening.
• A nuchal translucency ultrasound is done between 11 and 13 weeks to check for chromosomal abnormalities.
• Vaccines (flu shot and COVID-19 vaccine).

Second Trimester

Throughout this phase, you should expect prenatal appointments with the healthcare provider every four weeks, and the following may occur:

• Prenatal genetic diagnostic assessment if the genetic screening tests done earlier came back abnormal.
• Maternal serum analytes (the second part of the first and second-trimester blood tests, known as ‘ the quad screen ’) within 15-18 weeks to check for chromosomal abnormalities.
• Glucose challenge test within weeks 24 and 28 of the pregnancy to check gestational diabetes.
• Ultrasounds (an anatomy ultrasound is done between the 18th and 22nd week) to screen for any anatomical abnormalities.

Third Trimester

During the third and last trimester, you will go from monthly or biweekly to weekly appointments following the 36th week. These appointments may include:

• Ultrasounds to determine the fetus’s position.
• A group B strep swab to check the existence of group B strep in the vagina.
• A vaccine for whooping cough.
• Additional lab work, if necessary.

Workplace Rights and Maternity Leave in Australia

Australian law protects your rights as a pregnant employee. Your employer must provide a safe environment and support adjustments for medical appointments and any change in work tasks. Discuss your plans early with your employer to secure clear leave arrangements.

Key points to note:

• The Fair Work Act prohibits discrimination based on pregnancy. Your employer must treat you fairly in all employment decisions.
• Eligible employees can take up to 12 months of unpaid parental leave, with the option to request an extension.
• The Federal Paid Parental Leave Scheme provides qualifying individuals with up to 18 weeks of government-funded pay at the national minimum wage.
• Employers must consider flexible work options, such as adjusted hours or temporary role modifications, to support your health and safety.

For further guidance, contact your human resources department or consult the Fair Work Ombudsman.

Positive Pregnancy Test: Bottom Line

Knowing what may happen or what to do after getting a positive pregnancy test is vital, whether your pregnancy is a surprise or not. If you get a positive pregnancy test result after your missed period, the next step is to call your healthcare provider.

If you need to test for pregnancy, Fertility2Family can provide pregnancy test kits to help you get reliable results. Our kits are affordable and efficient, so all you need to do is follow the outlined instructions. For further information, get in touch with us at Fertility2Family today.

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